Sensor: yana nufin firikwensin hoto, wanda sararin samaniya ya ?unshi miliyan uku zuwa gauraye miliyoyin hotuna na hotuna. Chipan sanda ne na Semiconductor wanda ke canza hotunan ganima zuwa siginar lantarki.
Pixel: pixel shine asalin yanki na firikwensin. Hoto ya ?unshi pixels, kuma adadin pixels yana nuna adadin hotunan hotuna da ke cikin kyamara.
Addu'a: yana nufin iyakar adadin pixels wanda hoton zai iya ?aukar abubuwa a cikin kwance da na tsaye.
Girman Pixel: Yana nufin ainihin girman wakilcin da wani pixel ya wakilci ta hanyar duka tsawon da nisa.
A bayyane yake wakiltar da aka nuna a sama, pixels suna wakiltar jimlar yawan ba?ar fata a cikin wannan hoton, wanda shine pixels 91, yayin da ?uduri ke nufin yawan ba?ar fata a cikin tsawon da nisa. Adadin da aka nuna a sama shine 13 * 7. Girman pixel shine girman da kowane grid ke wakilta a cikin wannan hoton, kuma naúrar gaba ?aya Micrometers. Lokacin da girman hoton ya kasance mai sau?in, mafi girma girman pixel girma, ?ananan ?uduri da ?ananan haske.
Bayanin launi na BayerBayan Fage: Bayan mutane suna da masaniyar da ke da ma'ana, za su iya ?aukar ba?ar fata - kuma suna iya fahimtar girman haske amma ba mai launi. Idan mutum ya so ya sami hoton launi, hanya mafi dacewa ita ce ?ara matattarar launuka daban-daban. Sabili da haka, an inganta bayer. An hada da ja mai launin ja, kore da shu?i mai launin shu?i da aka shirya a madadin tsari na yau da kullun. An sanya tace ?ayan launuka na RGB a kowane pixel, yana ba da kawai hasken takamaiman launi don wucewa.
Bayer formation: ta gabas. Mai Array, ?ir?ira Bryc, ?ir?ira daga Kodak, a 1976, har yanzu ana amfani dashi a cikin filin sarrafa hoto har zuwa yau.
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Sel ido ido
A cikin idanun mutane, akwai nau'ikan gani guda biyu: cone - mai siffa da sanda - mai siffa.
An kara rarrabe sel uku cikin nau'ikan uku: sel mai daukar hoto, ?wayoyin daukar hoto (?wayoyin hoto), da ?wayoyin hoto na shu?i. Ba su da hankali lokacin da mai haske yake ?asa. Sai kawai lokacin da haske ya kai ga wani yanayin zai iya aikin ?wayoyin sel.
Sellan sandal suna da matukar hankali ga haske kuma na iya samar da hotunan abubuwa a cikin yanayin haske mai haske, amma ba za su iya jin launuka ba.
Wannan kuma bayyana abin da ya sa mutane za su iya ganin abubuwa da dare amma ba za su iya bambance launukansu ba.
Bambanci tsakanin CCD da CMos
CCD (cajin ma'aurata): Ha?a - na'urar da aka ha?a, ha?e akan Semicondu Somes Crystari.
Cmos (ingantaccen ?arfe na ?arfe oxide semicondutector, hade akan kayan ?arfe na ?arfe na ?arfe.
A halin yanzu, a cikin Kasuwa ta Tsaro, a cikin Matsayi na kyamarori sune CCD ko CMOs. A zamanin zamani - Ma'anar sa ido, duka kyamarori da daidaitattun hanyoyin sadarwa - Ma'anar kyamarori - Ma'agai suna amfani da kyamarorin hanyoyin sadarwa na CCD. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, cmos ya ha?iye kasuwar CCD. A cikin zamanin babban - Ma'anar Ma'ana, CMOS ya maye gurbin satima a hankali.
1. Gudun Karatun Bayani
Ana bu?atar bayanan cajin a cikin CCD cajin - Ana bu?atar na'urar da aka ha?a ta bit ta bit zuwa ?asa ?ar?ashin ikon siginar sittin, sannan kuma a daidaita alamar siginar AdC. Canja wuri da fitowar bayanan cajin na bu?atar da'irar agogo, kuma gaba ?aya da'irar yana da wuyan hadaddun. Abubuwan da ke cikin CMS kai tsaye suna yin ridawa da Analog - zuwa - Canje-canje na dijihara a cikin Haske - Naúrar ta zama mai sau?in karatu. Hakanan zasu iya aiwatar da bayanin hoto daga kowane yanki lokaci guda. Saboda haka, saurin karantawa cmos yana da sauri fiye da na CCD.
2. Senditadity
Saboda kowane pixel na cmos firikwensin ya ?unshi ?arin da'irori (amplifiers da juyawa da'irar kowane pixel kawai ya mamaye ?ananan ?angaren yankin pixel kawai. Saboda haka, lokacin da girman pixel iri ?aya ne, mai kula da abubuwan da ke cikin CMOs ya ?asa da na CCD firikwensin firikwensin.
3. Amo
Tunda kowane photododiode a cmos yana bu?atar amplifier, idan an auna shi a cikin megapixels, sannan miliyoyin amplifiers ake bukata. Kamar yadda amplifiers ne keallafe na analog, yana da wuya a ci gaba da samun karin sifishin kowane pixel daidai. Sabili da haka, idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin CCD wa?anda ke da mai amplifier ?aya wa?anda ke da ?wa?walwar ?wa?walwa kawai zasu ?aru sosai, rinjayar ingancin hoto.
4. Amfani da iko
Hanyar sayen hoton ta CMOs mai son kwayoyin halitta tana aiki. Cajin da aka kirkira ta hanyar PhotoDodoodede an samar da kai tsaye kai tsaye kuma an canza shi ta hanyar kusa da da'irar. Koyaya, na'urorin CCD suna ?acin rai. Dole ne a nemi wutar lantarki mai amfani don yin cajin a kowane pixel suna matsar da ?asa, da kuma ?arfin lantarki yawanci yana bu?atar 12 zuwa 18V. Sabili da haka, CCD shima yana bu?atar ?irar layin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma yin tsayayya da ?arfin lantarki. Babban ?arfin tuki yana sanya wutar lantarki ta CCD ta fi yawa fiye da na CMOs.
5. Kudin
Saboda na'urorin Cmos da ke da amfani da tsarin Mos, wanda aka fi amfani dashi a gaba?aya semicondutecits, CDs, ISP. CCD yana watsa bayanai ta hanyar canja wuri. Idan kawai pixel daya ya kasa aiki, ba za a iya yada baki daya ba. Saboda haka, yawan amfanin ?asa na CCD ya ?an ?asa. Haka kuma, tsarin masana'antu yana da hadaddun, kuma kawai kerean kerean kerean kere. Hakanan shine dalilin babban kudin.
Rufe sauri
Shuturet shine na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita don sarrafa lokacin fallasa kuma wani muhimmin bangare ne na kyamara. Tsarin sa, tsari da aiki sune mahimman abubuwan da ke auna sa na kyamara. Dukansu CCD da CCOS Hoton Hoto na hoto suna amfani da masu rufewa, gami da rufewa da rufewa.
Dukkanin abubuwan rufewa: Duk pixels na firikwensin yana tattara haske lokaci guda kuma bidihin lokaci guda. Wato, a farkon bayyanar, firikwensin ya fara tattara haske. A ?arshen bayyanarsa, ana yanke da'awar hasken Haske, sannan kuma ana karanta ?imar firam a matsayin firam ?aya.
Dukkanin pixels an fallasa su a daidai wannan lokacin, mai kama da daskarewa wani abu motsi, don haka ya dace da harbi da sauri - abubuwa masu motsi.
Rolling rufe: firikwensin ya cimma wannan ta hanyar cigaba. A farkon bayyanar, da scans ?in scans ta hanyar layi kuma ya fallasa layi ta hanyar layi har sai an fallasa duk pixels. Tabbas, duk ayyukan da aka kammala a cikin ?an gajeren lokaci, da kuma lokacin bayyanar don jere daban-daban na pixels sun bambanta.
Layi ne - ta - Fallacewararrawa a ciki, don haka bai dace da harbi da abubuwa masu motsi ba. Idan abu ko kyamarar tana cikin yanayin motsi yayin harbi, sakamakon harbin yana da yiwuwar nuna abubuwan mamaki kamar "karkatar da", "watsawa" ko "bayyananne".
Ci gaban Trend na CMOs
1. Low - tasirin haske
Ci gaban daga gargajiya na gargajiya (shimfidar bangaren gaba) gaba - haske cmos firstor ga Bsi (Bayar da Bayar da Baya) Baya Daga Sensor Babban ingancin dawowar - Wanda aka haskaka CMOS Sensor ya ta'allaka ne a canjin tsarin ciki na bangaren. Komawa - Haske CMOS ya juya yadda ake hango hasken hasken - Mace abubuwan ha?in Layer, ba da damar haske don shiga daga baya. Wannan yana nisanta tasirin da'irar tsakanin micrlepher da masu wucewa a cikin tsarin gargajiya na gargajiya, yana inganta tasirin harbi a cikin low - Yanayin haske sosai. Komawa - Shayarwar Cmos Sens sun yi tsalle-tsalle na cmos a cikin halin hankali idan aka kwatanta da masu son alhakin Comso. A sakamakon haka, mai da hankali da ingancin ikonsu da ingancin hoto sun inganta sosai a ?ar?ashin ?arancin haske.
2.
A gefe guda, ingantaccen bincike na yau da kullun ana ha?a shi kai tsaye cikin dabarun sarrafa hoton hoto na CMOS. Ta hanyar wannan fasaha, ana iya kawar da amo mai nasara. A gefe guda, ana ?auke da sabbin abubuwan kirkirar fasaha daban-daban a cikin ISP, kamar su musayar fasaha, don ha?aka matsalar amo na cmos.
3. Babban hade
Daya daga cikin manyan fa'idodi na kayan kwalliyar cmos. Circu ne tare da sauran ayyukan da aka ha?a a cikin firikwensin. Misali, wanda ya ?addamar da OV10633 shine 720p HD mai yawa na kewayon kewayon mai hasashe. Tsarin OV10633 ya ha?u da samfurin WDR na WDR da ayyukan sarrafa hoton ISP a cikin guntu iri ?aya kamar yadda hoton yake firikwensin.
?Saitin Sirri