Ihe mmet?ta: ? na-ezo aka n'ihe mmet?ta onyonyo, nke elu ya nwere ?t?t? nde ruo iri puku nde foto. ? b? mgbawa semiconductor nke na-agbanwe onyonyo anya na akara eletriki.
Pixel: pixel b? ihe d? mkpa nke ihe mmet?ta. Ihe onyonyo mejuputara piksel?, ?n? ?g?g? piksel? na-egosi ego nke ihe nd? d? na igwefoto.
Mkpebi: ? na-ezo aka na ?n??g? pixel kachas? nke ihe oyiyi nwere ike ?nabata ?z? ab?? kw? ?t? na vetikal.
PIXEL SITE: ? na-ezo aka na nha nke pixel na ?z? d? obosara.
Nke a na-an?chi anya ?n? ?g?g? d? n'elu, piksel? na-an?chi anya ?n? ?g?g? Crids ojii na foto a, nke b? piksel? 91 na-ezo aka na ?n? ?g?g? grad ojii n'ogologo na obosara. Onu ogugu egosiputara n'elu bu 13 * 7. Ogo pixel b? nha na-an?chi anya Grid nke ? b?la na foto a, na ngalaba b? microsomers. Mgbe nha onyonyo a na-ad?kar?, buru ibu kar?a piklel nha, belata mkpebi na ibelata idobe.
A na-ese Bayer Ah?r?Nz?lite: Mgbe nd? mmad? nwechara uche nke nwere ike ?ch?p?ta oke nke ìhè, ha nwere ike were nwa ojii - foto (Graycale Foto) n'ihi na ihe nlere anya n'oge ah? nwere ike ?ch?p?ta na ? b? na agba. ? b?r? na mmad? ch?r? inweta onyonyo agba, usoro kachas? d? mkpa iji tinye nzacha nke agba d? iche iche. Ya mere, a malitere usoro Bayer. ? mejup?tara ya na-acha ?bara ?bara, na-acha akw?kw? nd? akw?kw? nd? na nke na-acha an?n? an?n? na usoro mgbe niile. A na-etinye ihe nzacha nke RGB agba na piksel? nke ? b?la, na-enye ohere naan? ?k? nke otu agba gabiga.
Ebube Bayer: site na Eastman. A na-ejikwa Bayer d?, nke Byyce Bayer, onye ?kà mm?ta sayens? si Kodak mep?tara, na 1976, ka a ka na-eji ?t?t? ebe a na-ahazi onyonyo dijital? ruo taa.
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Mkp?r? nd? mmad?
N'anya mmad?, enwere ?d? ?d? mmad? ab??: cone - udi na mkpanaka -
Ederede mkp?r? nd? at? a na-ahazi ?d? at?: sel photoreceptor na-acha ?bara ?bara, mkp?r? nd? akw?kw? nd? na-acha akw?kw? nd? (?y?k? kachas?), na sel photoreceptor. Ha enwegh? uche mgbe ìhè d? ala. Naan? mgbe ike ?k? na-erute otu ?n?d? nwere ike itolite sel.
Mkp?r? nd? Road na - enwe mmet?ta d? nro na ?k? ma nwee ike itolite ihe osise na ?n?d? ?k?, mana ha enwegh? uche na agba.
Nke a na-ak?wakwa ihe mere nd? mmad? ji h? ihe anya n'abal? mana enwegh? ike ?mata ?d?iche ha na agba ha.
Ihe d? iche n'etiti CCD na CMOS
CCD (Ngwa?r? di na nwunye): ?gw? - ngwa?r? edozi, jik?tara na semiconductor otu kristal.
CMOS (Metal Simide Oxide): Semide MetalNoctor Metal sinide oxi, na-ejik? ihe nd? na-eme ?la.
Ugbu a, na ah?a nchekwa, ihe onyonyo nke igwefoto b? CCD ma ? b? CMD. Na Oge nke Standard - Nch?p?ta nk?wa, ma igwefoto ma Actoro ma Standard - fa?l? na-egosi ihe setsocs CCD. Agbanyegh?, n'ime af? ole na ole gara aga, CMOS na-elo akwadoro ah?a CCD. Na oge d? elu - Nch?p?ta nyocha, CMOS ji nway? dochie senson ccd.
1. ?s? ?g?g? ?g?g?
Ozi echekwara na CCD kw?? - ngwa?r? edozi kwes?r? ?kwanyefee bit bit site na njikwa nke akara mgbaama mmek?r?ta, wee tinyezie nk?cha ADC. Nyefe na mmep?ta ihe ?m?ma ch?r? ch?r? sekit njikwa elekere, yana sekit niile d? mkp?mkp?. Ihe mmet?ta cmos na-ar? ?r? nr?ba amam?ghe na analog - Ha nwekwara ike hazie ozi onyonyo sitere na otu oge n'otu oge. Ya mere, usoro ?g?g? nke CMOS d? ngwa kar?a nke CCD.
2. Nlek?ta
N'ihi na pixel nke ? b?la nke cmOs Sennor nwere sekit nd? ?z? (Amplifiers na sekit sekit), ìhè - Mpaghara nke pixel ? b?la nwere obere ak?k? nke mpaghara PIXEL. Ya mere, mgbe ogo pixel b? otu, mmet?ta nke ihe mmet?ta cmbos d? ala kar?a nke ccD sente sente.
3. Nkume
Ebe ? b? na Photodiode ? b?la na CMOS ch?r? amplifier, ma ? b?r? na a t?r? na Megapixels, mgbe ah? ?t?t? nde Ampliers ch?r?. D? ka Amplifiers b? sekit Analog, o siri ike idobe uru ns? nke pixel ? b?la agbanwe agbanwe. Ya mere, e jiri ya t?nyere ihe setsors ccd nke nwere naan? otu amplifier, mkp?t? sens? cmos ga-am?ba nke ?ma, na-emet?ta ogo onyonyo.
4. Okike ike
Usoro nnweta onyonyo nke CMOS Sense na-ar? ?r?. Egosiputara site na photodoodede na-egosiputa ma gbanwee site na sekit nke d? n'ak?k?. Agbanyegh?, senson sensers na-agabiga na inweta. A ga-etinyer?r? voltaji etinyere iji kw?? ?gw? na pixel ? b?la na-agaghar?, na etinyere voltaji na-ach?kar? 12 ruo 18v. Ya mere, CCD ch?kwara kp?mkwem ike na-eweta usoro na-ebup?ta ma na-emegide ike voltaji. Voltaji na-anya ?gb? ala na-eme ka ike oriri nke CCD d? elu kar?a nke CMOS.
5. ?n? ego
N'ihi na ihe mmet?ta CMOs na-eme usoro MOS, nke a na-ejikar? sekit, d? ka njikwa oge (d?ka nch?kwa oge, na-echekwa ?gw? nke ibe. CCD na-ebufe data site na mbufe ?s?. ? b?r? na naan? otu pixel anagh? ar? ?r?, enwegh? ike ibunye ah?r? data niile. Ya mere, mkp?r? nke CCD d? ala. ?z?kwa, usoro nr?p?ta ya d? mgbagwoju anya, naan? ?f?d? nd? nr?p?ta nwere ike ?ma ya. Nke a b?kwa ihe kpatara ?n? ah?a d? elu.
?s? Shutter
Onye na-emechi emechi b? ngwa?r? ejikwa oge ikpughe ma b?r? ihe d? mkpa igwefoto d? mkpa. ?d?d? ya, ?d? na ?r? b? ihe d? mkpa iji t?? akara igwefoto. Ma ihe mmet?ta Imagwa CCD na CMOS na-eji elektr?niki na-eji eletrik, g?nyere nd? mechiri emechi ?wa na na-eme mkp?t?.
Flobal Skillter: piksel? niile nke ihe mmet?ta ah? na-anak?ta ?k? n'otu oge ma na-ekpughe n'otu oge. Nke ah? b?, na mmalite nke ikpughe, ihe mmet?ta ah? amalite ?nak?ta ?k?. Na njedebe nke ikpughe, a na-ebip? sekit nch?k?ta ?k? ?k?, mgbe ah? uru ihe mmet?ta ah? na-ag? d? ka otu etiti.
A na-ekpughere piklet niile n'otu oge, yiri ka ? na-emeghar? ihe, yab? ? d? mma maka ?gbap? ngwa ngwa - na-emeghar?.
Rollock Sheigbo: Ihe mmet?ta ah? ga-enweta nke a site na ikpughe nd? na-ekpughe. Na mmalite nke ekpughe, ihe mmet?ta ah? na-enyocha ah?r? site na ah?r? wee kpughee ah?r? site na ah?r? ruo mgbe ekpughere piksels niile. N'ezie, emechara omume niile na obere oge, na ikpughe oge maka pixel ah?r? d?gas? iche.
? b? ah?r? - site na nkpuchi akara ah?r?, yab? na ? d?gh? mma maka ?gbap? ihe na-akp? akp?. ? b?r? na ihe ma ? b? igwefoto d? na steeti ngwa ngwa n'oge ?gba ya, na-akpata ya ga-egosi na ? ga-egosi ihe ?t?nanya d?ka "?gbasa" ma ? b? "mkpughe nke".
Ihe mmepe CMOS
1. D? ala - Mmet?ta ?k?
Mmepe site na FSI ?d?nala (ihu ihu ihu) n'ihu cams ihe na-eme ka cSI (az? az?) az? - Iciadidited contos b? nnukwu okwute. Ihe kachas? mma nke az? - cmos senciated ?gha d? na mgbanwe nke usoro nke mpaghara ah?. Az? - Reminated CMOS na-enyeghachi nghazi nke ìhè, ihe eji eme ihe, na-enye ìhè ka ? banye na az?. Nke a na-ezere mmet?ta nke sekit n'etiti microdens na photododiode na tractor ?d?d? ?d?nala, bulite ar?m?r? nke ìhè ma melite mmet?ta na-agbap? na ala - ?n?d? ?k?. Azu - Sening Sectos na-eme ka mma mee ka ihe na-eme ka ihe mara mma ma e jiri ya t?nyere ihe mmet?ta cmbos ?d?nala. N'ihi ya, a na-emeziwanye ike ha na-elekwas? anya na ?d? mma nke d? ala.
2. ?ch?ch? mkp?t?
N'otu aka, nch?p?ta mkp?t? p?r? iche algorithm na-etinye ozugbo na ar?m?r? onyonyo nke CMOS. Site na tekn?z? a, enwere ike iwep? mkp?t? a. N'aka nke ?z?, a na-anabata ihe omume ?h?? d? iche iche na ISP, d? ka tekn?z? ?g?nar?, iji meziwanye nsogbu nke CMOS.
3. Mmek?r?ta d? elu
Otu n'ime uru ihe nkiri CMOs. ? b? sekit na ?r? nd? ?z? enyere na ihe mmet?ta ya. D?ka ?m?maat?, sex10633 b? 720P HD d? egwu d? egwu. Ihe nlereanya OV10633 na-eme ka ? d? egwu na ?r? nhazi ihe ngosi onyonyo d? na otu mgbawa d? ka ihe mmet?ta onyonyo.
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